Virginia is diverse in landscape, from the highest mountains to the Eastern Shore. The variety in landscape and elevation provides a long fall foliage season, starting earliest in the higher elevations and moving eastward. Fall colors generally peak sometime between October 10 and October 31; however, these dates can vary from year to year, based on factors such as temperature and rainfall.
Weekly Report
October 9, 2024
In fits and starts, fall is creeping across Virginia. The “great fade,” a loss of chlorophyll that often precedes the change to yellow, continues statewide. Many areas have already enjoyed an early red preview from Virginia creeper, dogwood, sourwood, black gum, and sumacs. Overall, there is great variability across the landscape, from green to bright shades to brown, even over small geographic areas.
The high elevations of southwest Virginia and the Alleghanies, as well as patches along the Blue Ridge, are showing partial color – up to 40% in some areas – but there are also areas of green interspersed. Drought-stressed trees, especially in the northern half of the state, began an early color change several weeks ago, following summer’s hot and dry weather. The most highly-stressed trees are browning and losing their leaves quickly, especially after heavy rains knocked off many loose leaves. However, there is still good color to be seen: the yellow of birch, yellow-poplar, and early hickory, orange from sugar maples, and red maple beginning to live up to its name.
In addition to tree foliage, wildflowers brighten the roadsides at this time of year. Look for golden-yellow tickseed sunflowers, goldenrod, and wingstem; white thoroughworts; and a range of purple, pink, and blue from asters, Joe-Pye weed, ironweed, and mistflower.
Storm damage repair continues in some parts of southwest Virginia, so please use extra caution on the roads there.
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- Goshen Gap area, Rockbridge County
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- Rockbridge County
Update: October 4, 2024
Our regular foliage report will return next week. Many roads in southwest Virginia remain inaccessible due to flood damage from last week’s tropical weather system. If you must travel, please avoid areas where clean-up and repair crews are working.
Access to Channels and Matthews State Forests is closed at this time. See the following links for additional public land closures and cautions:
State Parks and Natural Area Preserves
George Washington and Jefferson National Forests
Department of Wildlife Resources properties and boating access
September 25, 2024
The autumnal equinox has passed, and fall is officially here! In a typical autumn, most of Virginia is still very green in late September. This is NOT a typical year.
This year’s especially dry and hot summer has taken a toll on Virginia’s forests and urban trees alike. This stress will bring fall color early to much of the state. Trees growing in harsh conditions, such as urban areas, high elevation ridgetops, and poor soils, as well as species less adapted to dry conditions, are often the first to hint at fall. Many will go straight to brown or lose their leaves before showing much color.
Signs of stress are already evident statewide in the overall fading of green in our woodlands. Several of the usual “early changers” including tulip-poplar, sycamore, and black walnut – are yellowing and dropping leaves.
Perhaps most surprising this early in the season is the amount of red visible across the landscape. As far east as the Piedmont, many dogwoods have turned dusty rose, their first blush toward a deeper shade. Black gum, sumac, poison ivy and Virginia creeper are showing significant bright red along roadsides. The upper branches of red maple are already showing their namesake hues, which usually aren’t present until mid-season.
No matter the cause for change, the net result, for us, is an earlier peek at a colorful fall landscape. Enjoy the show, and don’t forget to give any young trees in your yard plenty of water and mulch as they prepare for winter.
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- Bald Mountain overlook, Nelson County
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- Early maple, Radford
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- Black gum, Charlottesville
Virginia’s many species of deciduous trees create an interesting mix of autumn colors. Here are some colors you can expect from some of our most common species:
| Tree | Color | Timing |
| Black Gum | Bright red | Early |
| Dogwood | Red to maroon | Early |
| Tulip-poplar | Yellow | Early |
| Red Maple | Orange to brilliant scarlet | Middle |
| Sugar Maple | Bright orange | Middle |
| Beech | Yellow to orange | Middle |
| Hickory | Gold | Middle |
| Oaks | Deep red, amber, russet | Late |
Fall Foliage Resources
- Fall Foliage Report – (800)424-LOVE (begins mid-late September each year)
- Blue Ridge Parkway – (828)298-0398 (press “3”)
- George Washington and Jefferson National Forest
- Explore Fall
- Smoky Mountains Fall Foliage Prediction Map
- All things Fall In Virginia from the Virginia Tourism Corporation
- Find a state forest to view fall color
- Prince William Forest Park is an oasis of natural beauty and human history located just south of Washington, DC.
Fall Foliage Driving Tours
Try our DOF-recommended Fall Foliage Driving Tours.
Why Leaves Change Color
- Chlorophyll gives leaves their familiar green color.
- Carotenoids produce yellow, orange, and brown colors.
- Anthocyanins produce red and purple colors and are the same pigments that give color to fruits like blueberries and cherries.
Both chlorophyll and carotenoids are present in the leaf cells throughout the growing season. During this time, chlorophyll is produced and leaves appear green. As days get shorter, chlorophyll production slows and eventually stops. With the green color no longer visible, the yellow carotenoids are revealed. During autumn, bright light and excess plant sugars produce red anthocyanins within leaf cells.
Additional Resources
| Image | Title | ID | Description | Content Type | View | hf:tax:document-category | hf:tax:Media |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Forest Facts: Virginia in the Fall | F00009 | Forest facts information sheet provides an illustrated explanation of the science of leaves changing colors, the role of pigments, effects of the calendar and weather, why these changes occur, and fall leaf identification information. Target audience: Youth – elementary age. Printed copies available. | Publication | View | education public-information | publication |
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